Salamatov Y.

 

It is necessary to update the concept of occurrence and development of technical systems which is in the book (1).

 

The main feature of a nature – systemic properties (all is connected to all - directly or through a chain of reasons-consequences).

Technic-sphere Is also the interconnected system (all technical systems are connected with each other through energy sources, suppliers of raw material etc.).

The person has appeared in a nature and then itself has created two new "natures" (environments, spheres) - a society (social sphere), engineering (technic-sphere).

Interaction of these three spheres is sense of evolution of substance on the Earth and a near space environment.

Occurrence and development of technic-sphere is caused by development of attitudes between a arisen society and a nature. This process represents a sequence of system transitions from one level of the organization to another. Systemic transition is well appreciable jump of development. In the periods between system transitions there is an accumulation of quantitative changes in technic-sphere which pave the way for creation of revolutionary inventions.

Let's consider more in detail levels and the systemic transitions appropriate to them.

The accepted designations:

TS - technical system,

WB - Working body,

Tr - Transmission,

En - The engine,

ES - Energy source,

C - Controls.

 

0-th level: WB - a hand of the person. Casual use of the raw subjects from environment.

 

1-st level: - man-technical system - (WB - a stone, a stick, bone) + a hand of the person (simultaneously Tr, En, ES). Systemic transition 1 - use of the elementary working instruments - tools with the isolated (precisely designated) of working zone (10 thousand years back).

 

2-nd level: synthesis is composite working instruments  (a stone tip + a wooden spear, a stone axe with hole + a stick + fastened in the unit of leather belt. Systemic transition 2 - occurrence of compound instruments (WB+Tr). Occurrence of compound tools (division of substance into separate parts and their connection by a new way) was the beginning of structural organization of elements, occurrence of connections between elements. The main feature of this process: division of function into parts, with the subsequent search of more effective ways of performance of these partial useful functions, with the big value of the main function at connection of elements in a unified whole.  

 

3-rd level: synthesis of the first technical systems. Technical systems - tools with the engine. These are the technical objects which is consisting (a minimum) of three parts: working body (WB), transmission (Tr), the engine (En). The fourth element - controls (C) usually includes persons. The fifth element - an energy source (ES); it may be the person, an animal, natural forces, and also natural and artificial physical, chemical, biological processes. The first TS - a mill for a grain, an bow and arrows, a cart, hours, scales (balance). Systemic transition 3 - occurrence TS (WB+Tr+En) with use of new energy sources (except muscular energy of the person, animals and fire) - energy of falling of water and energy of wind. Technical jump has coincided with transition of a society to agriculture and cattle breeding (inclusion of a part of a nature in technic-sphere - 7 thousand years back). This systemic transition was mutually conditioned - TS were synthesized as the answer to arising needs of a society and a society received new opportunities at occurrence new TS.

 

4-th level: the invention of new engines (the first industrial revolution 18-19-th century) - the steam machine, the engine of internal combustion, the electric motor. Systemic transition 4 - occurrence of new one-stage or multistage converters of energy (engines) - from one kind of energy into another. Earlier engines transformed mechanical energy to various kinds of mechanical movement of parts of machines.

 

5-th level: occurrence of systems of automatic control (19-20 centuries). Systemic transition 5 - displacement of the person from C into more and more high hierarchical levels of technic-sphere.

 

6-th level: transformation of technic-sphere into the system working without participation of the person (20-21 centuries) - system of mutually connected factories - of automatic devices. Systemic transition 6 - exception of the person out of technic-sphere.

 

7-th level: formation of self-generating of technic-sphere. Systemic transition 7 - creation of "The genetic device" of technic-sphere.

 

8-th level: formation of self-developing of technic-sphere. Systemic transition 8 - creation of "intellect" of technic-sphere. One of components of "intellect" - the formalized theory of development of technical systems.

 

What will be with the nature and the person?

The nature will be kept, having overcome the strongest crisis (which started already now) and will be restored to norm at 6-7 levels. How probably restoration of a nature? There should be a global idealization of technic-sphere - very significant reduction of weight, the sizes and power consumption of technic-sphere due to absorption of technical systems by ideal substance (convolution of supersystems in technical systems, convolution of technical systems in subsystems and further - subsystems in substance). Full domination millimicro-pico-femto-technology.

In a society there will be at this time strongest integration transformations (total integration in a uniform society) This will result occurrence finally a cybernetic immortal super-essence (merge of separate intellects into a uniform virtual brain) (2).  Individual member of society at the certain stage of life will choose a way of immortality at the top level of hierarchy or the usual end of life. Processes of accumulation, processing and change of the information will become internal process of a superessence (necessity for transfer of knowledge to the subsequent generations will disappear). Thus after unknown to us n-th systemic transition the thinking alive super-essence the first time will appear. Its (her) main new singularity - time of existence of it will be comparable  with time duration of space processes.  Era of transformation of Space will begin. Apparently, it is the purpose of general space evolution of substance: from lifeless - to alive - to intellect - to super-intellect-.. .. Somewhere in this chain will arise and the person and engineering will disappear.

1. Salamatov, Y., (1991) "A System of Laws of Technology Development", In the book "Chance for adventure" , Petrozavodsk, USSR, ISBN 5-7545-0337-7

2. Turchin, V., (2000) "The Phenomenon of the Science. The cybernetic approach to evolution", ETS, Moscow, Russia, ISBN 5-93386-019-0